Paris Saint-Germain have held their nerve in a cagey Champions League final to retain the title by beating Arsenal 4-3 on penalties as the showdown ended 1-1 after extra time, cementing the French side’s status among Europe’s modern greats.

Arsenal defender Gabriel blasted his spot kick over Matvei ​Safonov’s crossbar at the Puskas Arena, his miss confirming PSG as the first club to retain the men’s trophy since Real Madrid completed their three-year reign from 2016 to 2018.

Long dismissed as glamorous underachievers despite vast resources, the Ligue 1 champions have now forged a dynasty under Luis Enrique, marrying attacking brilliance with resilience to establish themselves as the dominant force in European football.

“It’s stronger than last year because ​we knew before the match just how difficult it ‌would be to play against Arsenal,” Enrique said, comparing it to last year’s 5-0 thumping of Inter Milan.

“As a club and a city, it’s incredible to win, and I think we deserved it over the course of the season. The final was a real battle.”

Eleven days after celebrating their first Premier League title in 22 years, Arsenal looked set for a maiden triumph on Europe’s biggest ‌stage after Kai Havertz’s sixth-minute opener and a first hour spent smothering PSG’s vaunted attack.

But the final became chaotic once PSG’s Ousmane Dembele equalised with a penalty ⁠in the 65th minute, the pace turning frantic before exhaustion took the match to a shootout.

Under Enrique, PSG have won the six shootouts they have contested.

After brushing aside Premier ​League opposition on their way to the final ‌by eliminating Chelsea and Liverpool, PSG were facing a much sterner test against an Arsenal team playing their second Champions League final after losing to Barcelona in 2006.

Mikel Arteta’s side took the lead when Marquinhos’s clearance bounced off Arsenal’s Leandro Trossard into the path of Havertz, who raced into the box and fired into the roof of the net to become the fourth player to score in two different European Cup or Champions League finals with two different clubs.

It ​was ‌the nightmare scenario for PSG, trailing after six minutes against the best defence in the competition.

Arsenal lived up to their reputation as the best team without the ball and looked perfectly content with the script, doubling up on Khvicha Kvaratskhelia and suffocating the usual danger brought by the Georgian magician on ⁠the left flank.

By half-time, PSG had attacked 32 times, Arsenal three times.

But Arsenal were flirting with the boundaries with their challenges and Cristhian Mosquera brought ‌down Kvaratskhelia in the area, with Dembele converting the penalty to level with his eighth goal in the competition.

The momentum had shifted.

After controlling the tempo in the first half, Arsenal played into PSG’s hands as the pace increased significantly, giving too much space to Kvaratskhelia or Bradley Barcola, who replaced the Georgian winger with seven minutes left.

In the 89th minute, PSG came close to giving the final an abrupt end as Vitinha’s attempt went just over, ⁠grazing the top of the net. Barcola also shot over the bar after a counterattack with what would have been the last kick of the game.

With both teams having run out of steam, extra ‌time was a cautious affair and ‌when referee Daniel Siebert blew his whistle Arsenal had only managed one shot on target.

Arsenal’s Eberechi Eze missed his penalty ​before Raya saved Nuno Mendes’s attempt. Gabriel had to score to keep Arsenal’s hopes alive but, facing PSG’s end, he fired over and the French side were left to celebrate being European champions once again.

Reuters